wiki/notebook/cli.pacman.org

:PROPERTIES:
:ID:       77f3ec38-9885-4f2b-8019-9042f0c6e4cb
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#+title: Command line: pacman
#+date: "2021-06-08 15:00:04 +08:00"
#+date_modified: "2021-11-06 12:12:06 +08:00"
#+language: en
#+property: header_args  :eval no


The built-in package manager of Arch Linux (among others).
This note is based from =pacman v6= and above.




* Subcommands

Interestingly, pacman does not have subcommands with specific options.
Instead, they go with specific flags denoting a subcommand.
Practically, they're just subcommands except appearing as options.

#+begin_src shell
# Rather than 'pacman install podman' or something similar.
pacman -S podman
#+end_src

Here's what you can do with the package manager:

- =-S= are concerned with syncing the local database to the remote databases.
  - =-y, --refresh= syncs the local database to the remote database; running with this flag alone is not recommended as the package manager will have problems.
  - =-u, --sysupgrade= upgrades the local database; this should be used with =-y= if you intend it for a proper operating system upgrade.
  - =-g, --groups [GROUP]= prints what packages belong to the given group
- =-Q= is primarily from querying information from your installed packages ranging from listing installed packages to listing all of the files owned by a certain package.
  - =-l, --list [PACKAGES...]= lists the files associated with the package.
  - =-i, --info [PACKAGES...]= prints information about the package.
- =-F [FILENAME]= are mostly query-related operations with the database.
  It also prints which package owns the given file.
  - =-y, --refresh= refreshes the database.
- =-R= removes installed packages.
  - =-n, --nosave= removes the configuration files associated with the package; this doesn't remove files from the home directory, though.
  - =-s, --recursive= will recursively removes dependencies that are not used anywhere else.

You can see more of them in the "Operations" section of the manual page (i.e., =pacman.1=).




* Examples

Welp, this is what you came for so let's go ahead.


** Quickstart

It's a package manager so it's supposed to do basic package manager stuff.
All of the shown commands are in longform with the shortform just commented for practical purposes.

#+begin_src shell
# Search for a pacakge
# pacman -Ss podman
pacman --sync --search podman

# Install a package
# pacman -S podman
pacman --sync podman

# Uninstall a package
# pacman -Rns podman
pacman --remove --no-save --recursive podman

# Upgrade the system
# pacman -Syu
pacman --sync --refresh --upgrade
#+end_src


** Package search selection

With everybody's favorite fuzzy finder, [[id:4eb1f8b1-bc12-4a6c-8fa4-20e4c3542cf2][fzf]].

#+begin_src bash
pacman --sync --quiet --search pkg | fzf --prompt "Package to install > " | xargs doas pacman --sync
#+end_src

You can also create a search selection with all of the packages with the following one-liner.

#+begin_src bash
pacman -S --list --quiet \
    | fzf --multi --prompt "Install package(s) > " \
    | xargs doas pacman -S --noconfirm
#+end_src


** Package removal selection

Another interactive script with [[id:4eb1f8b1-bc12-4a6c-8fa4-20e4c3542cf2][fzf]].

#+begin_src bash
pacman -Q --native --quiet | fzf --multi --prompt "Remove installed package(s) > " | xargs doas pacman -Rns --noconfirm
#+end_src




* Related notes

- pacman does not have a way to query packages that are not installed;
  for example, you cannot know what files are owned by the package unless it is installed (also you have =pkgfile= for that)

- pacman also cannot view the PKGBUILD of packages that are not installed;
  you can use the =asp= tool for that (i.e., ~asp show ${PACKAGE}~)