A self-contained Nix module that takes inputs (can be from other flakes) and create outputs.
It is comparable to [[https://guix.gnu.org/manual/en/html_node/Channels.html][Guix channels]] (or the NUR) in the way any arbitrary value can be exported, thus extending a Nix module in any direction the author can make it to.
Also, it supercedes Nix channels as a way to manage your system.
The flake requires other flakes from the nixpkgs and home-manager as indicated from the URL.
This will get the latest revision of both inputs.
This is not ideal as it will get the latest revisions every time it requests the inputs.
While you can pin the version by adding more information (e.g., =nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-21.11"=, =home-manager.url = "github:nix-community/home-manager/781d25b315def05cd7ede3765226c54216f0b1fe"=), this isn't really necessary for the most part as we have lockfiles to secure our dependencies version.
These lockfiles can be found at =flake.lock= where complete metadata for the flakes are found.
* Selected list of attributes for outputs
While you can export attributes of any type, there are common attributes you'll mostly see.
As an example, here's the flake of my NixOS configuration.
#+begin_src shell :cache yes :results output
nix flake show github:foo-dogsquared/nixos-config | nix run nixpkgs#gnused -- 's/\x1b\[[0-9;]*m//g'
- =nixosConfigurations.${host}= is a NixOS host configuration.
Each attribute contain a set similar to the traditional set from =/etc/nixos/configuration.nix=.
This is very beneficial for quickly installing only with flakes — e.g., =nixos-install --flake github:foo-dogsquared/nixos-config#zilch= will install with =nixosConfigurations.zilch=.
However, attributes should be created with =lib.nixosSystem= from =nixpkgs= flake.
They can be used with =nix flake init ${TEMPLATE}=.
- You can export it in your flakes through the =templates= attribute.
=templates= is expected to be an attribute set with each attribute representing a template.
- By default, we have the =templates= flake from the global registry pointed to [[https://github.com/NixOS/templates][NixOS/templates]] Git repo.
* Nix registry
Per the Nix manual:
#+begin_quote
Flake registries are a convenience feature that allows you to refer to flakes using symbolic identifiers such as =nixpkgs=, rather than full URLs such as =git://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs=.
#+end_quote
Here's an example of the registry list with some overriden flakes such as the =nixpkgs= flake following from my [[https://github.com/foo-dogsquared/nixos-config][NixOS configuration]].
system flake:agenix path:/nix/store/yka795vkb7ny5fnybf8dafbypcjfmi9n-source?lastModified=1638837456&narHash=sha256-WHLOxthAGx%2fwXw3QUa%2flFE3mr6cQtnXfFYZ0DNyYwt4=&rev=57806bf7e340f4cae705c91748d4fdf8519293a9
system flake:config path:/nix/store/3nlagaj6748w4ffxx4vp5jss2k571f8i-source?lastModified=1640442672&narHash=sha256-Gkt2On9szrFlOo6QiYMOA90qTp4PICd7STHFhGA4bCs=
system flake:home-manager path:/nix/store/ijh6v700kpssfyw44v4awbm2gmjx26qs-source?lastModified=1640296831&narHash=sha256-Mu32vTcfZru4VrvgnpvQKmwC4uY0oF3vnnC2o9SgnRU=&rev=f15b151ca1c4aea23515c241051d71f1b5cf97c8
system flake:nixpkgs path:/nix/store/lgfhg4n6445yizgf0xjirb4bc4j86fr9-source?lastModified=1640269308&narHash=sha256-vBVwv3+kPrxbNyfo48cB5cc5%2f4tq5zlJGas%2fqw8XNBE=&rev=0c408a087b4751c887e463e3848512c12017be25
global flake:agda github:agda/agda
global flake:blender-bin github:edolstra/nix-warez?dir=blender
global flake:dreampkgs github:nix-community/dreampkgs
global flake:dwarffs github:edolstra/dwarffs
global flake:fenix github:nix-community/fenix
global flake:flake-utils github:flake-utils/numtide
global flake:gemini github:nix-community/flake-gemini
global flake:home-manager github:nix-community/home-manager
global flake:hydra github:NixOS/hydra
global flake:mach-nix github:DavHau/mach-nix
global flake:nimble github:nix-community/flake-nimble
global flake:nix github:NixOS/nix
global flake:nixops github:NixOS/nixops
global flake:nixos-hardware github:NixOS/nixos-hardware
global flake:nixos-homepage github:NixOS/nixos-homepage/flake
global flake:nur github:nix-community/NUR
global flake:nixpkgs github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable
- It is managed through =nix registry= subcommand or set =nix.registry= in your system configuration.
- Registries are primarily written as JSON files in certain files (e.g., =$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/nix/registry=, =/etc/nix/registry.json=).
For more information, see the [[https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-registry.html#registry-format][registry format from the manual]].
Unlike the traditional Nix channels, the inclusion of arbitrary files and their locations doesn't seem to affect the reproducibility since it is mostly used as a convenience feature after all.
- The flakes from default registry are mostly getting the latest revisions of the flake per invocation so it is best practice to pin them (e.g., =nix registry pin=, through =nix.registry= while setting the NixOS systems in =flake.nix=).
- There are primarily three registries to worry about: user, system, and global.
- This is also the reason it downloads something why each time you invoke a Nix-related command (e.g., =nix search=, =nix edit=).
[fn:: I think pinning the flakes from the global registry will simply resolve this issue.]