:PROPERTIES:
:ID:       6d425762-ab9c-463f-b17a-e2a116b12fa0
:END:
#+title: Code recipes: Implementing tiered headings with CSS
#+date: "2021-06-20 10:31:00 +08:00"
#+date_modified: "2022-10-25 17:05:19 +08:00"
#+language: en


You may have seen certain documents with [[https://practicaltypography.com/hierarchical-headings.html][tiered headings]] especially in technical manuals and specifications (e.g., [[https://tc39.es/ecma262/][ECMAScript]], [[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/][HTML]]).
To implement this with pure CSS, we'll make heavy use of [[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Lists_and_Counters/Using_CSS_counters][CSS counters]].

Here is one rough implementation with SCSS.

#+begin_src scss   :tangle (my/concat-assets-folder "naive-tiered-headings.scss")
article {
    // Named after the LaTeX counters after `chapter` counter.
    counter-reset: section subsection subsubsection paragraph subparagraph;
    --counter-spacing: 0.5rem;

    // <h2> is used as a section header since <h1> is the main title
    h2 {
        counter-reset: subsection;
        counter-increment: section;

        &::before {
            content: counter(section) ".";
            margin-right: var(--counter-spacing);
        }
    }

    h3 {
        counter-reset: subsubsection;
        counter-increment: subsection;

        &::before {
            content: counter(section) "." counter(subsection) ".";
            margin-right: var(--counter-spacing);
        }
    }

    h4 {
        counter-reset: paragraph;
        counter-increment: subsubsection;

        &::before {
            content: counter(section) "." counter(subsection) "." counter(subsubsection) ".";
            margin-right: var(--counter-spacing);
        }
    }

    h5 {
        counter-reset: subparagraph;
        counter-increment: paragraph;

        &::before {
            content: counter(section) "." counter(subsection) "." counter(subsubsection) "." counter(paragraph) ".";
            margin-right: var(--counter-spacing);
        }
    }

    h6 {
        counter-increment: subparagraph;

        &::before {
            content: counter(section) "." counter(subsection) "." counter(subsubsection) "." counter(paragraph) "." counter(subparagraph);
            margin-right: var(--counter-spacing);
        }
    }
}
#+end_src

This is enough for CSS but since we're using SCSS, we can optimize it further.
You may notice that each level is similar with the difference being the content and their counter name.

#+begin_src scss  :tangle (my/concat-assets-folder "optimized-tiered-headings.scss")
@use 'sass:string';

@function tier-heading($counters) {
    $str: "";
    @for $level from 1 through $counters {
        $str: $str + 'counter(h#{$level})"."';
    }
    @return string.unquote($str);
}

article {
    --counter-spacing: 0.5rem;
    @for $level from 1 through 6 {
        counter-reset: h#{$level};

        h#{$level}{
            @if $level != 6 {
                counter-reset: h#{$level + 1};
            }
            counter-increment: h#{$level};

            &::before {
                content: tier-heading($level);
                margin-right: var(--counter-spacing);
            }
        }
    }
}
#+end_src