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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta charSet="utf-8"/><title>Percent encoding in Bash</title><script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6"></script><script id="MathJax-script" async="" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script><script type="text/x-mathjax-config">
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</script><meta name="next-head-count" content="6"/><link rel="preload" href="/wiki/_next/static/css/52fc2ba29703df73922c.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/wiki/_next/static/css/52fc2ba29703df73922c.css" data-n-g=""/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><link rel="preload" href="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/main-ae4733327bd95c4ac325.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/webpack-50bee04d1dc61f8adf5b.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/framework.9d524150d48315f49e80.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/commons.0e1c3f9aa780c2dfe9f0.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-8e3d0c58a60ec788aa69.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/940643274e605e7596ecea1f2ff8d83317a3fb76.4841a16762f602a59f00.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/pages/%5B%5B...slug%5D%5D-1aa198f87ede1cd0e1dc.js" as="script"/></head><body><div id="__next"><main><h1>Percent encoding in Bash</h1><section class="post-metadata"><span>Date: <!-- -->2021-06-23 21:10:33 +08:00</span><span>Date modified: <!-- -->2022-04-16 20:17:53 +08:00</span></section><nav class="toc"><ol class="toc-level toc-level-1"></ol></nav><p>Percent-encoding is commonly used in URLs.
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Pretty nice especially when used with spaces.
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Though, this is something that is rarely needed in <a href="id:dd9d3ffa-03ff-42a1-8c5d-55dc9fcc70fe">GNU Bash</a> except if you're writing a quick script.
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</p><p>Based from <a href="https://gist.github.com/cdown/1163649">this implementation</a>.
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It was modified to be closer to the output from <a href="https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/urllib.parse.html#urllib.parse.urlencode">Python <code class="inline-verbatim">urlencode</code></a>.
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</p><pre class="src-block"><code class="language-bash">function urlencode {
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local msg=$1
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local length="${#1}"
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for (( i = 0; i < length; i++ )); do
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local ch="${msg:i:1}"
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case $ch in
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[a-zA-Z0-9.~_-])
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printf "%c" $ch;;
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*)
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printf '%s' "$ch" | xxd -plain -cols 1 | {
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while read hex; do
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printf "%%%s" $hex
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done
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};;
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esac
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done
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printf "\n"
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}
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urlencode "El Doggo"
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urlencode "El Niño"
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urlencode "Whoa there, sonny!"
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</code></pre><pre class="fixed-width">ElDoggo
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ElNi<EFBFBD>o
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Whoatheresonny</pre><p>
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To decode percent-encoded strings:
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</p><pre class="src-block"><code class="language-bash">function urldecode {
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# urldecode <string>
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# Replace all pluses with spaces since it usually represents it in URLs.
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local url_encoded="${1//+/ }"
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# Replace all percent sign with '\x' and print the message with byte interpretation.
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printf '%b\n' "${url_encoded//%/\\x}"
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}
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urldecode "El%20Doggo"
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urldecode "%e9%bd%8b%e8%97%a4%e3%83%bbB%e3%83%bb%e6%a5%b5%e3%83%bb%e5%b0%86%e5%97%a3"
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</code></pre><pre class="fixed-width">El Doggo
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齋藤・ B ・極・将嗣</pre></main></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"metadata":{"date":"\"2021-06-23 21:10:33 +08:00\"","date_modified":"\"2022-04-16 20:17:53 +08:00\"","language":"en","source":""},"title":"Percent encoding in Bash","hast":{"type":"root","children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"nav","properties":{"className":"toc"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"ol","properties":{"className":"toc-level toc-level-1"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Percent-encoding is commonly used in URLs.\nPretty nice especially when used with spaces.\nThough, this is something that is rarely needed in "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"id:dd9d3ffa-03ff-42a1-8c5d-55dc9fcc70fe"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"GNU Bash"}]},{"type":"text","value":" except if you're writing a quick script.\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Based from "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://gist.github.com/cdown/1163649"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"this implementation"}]},{"type":"text","value":".\nIt was modified to be closer to the output from "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/urllib.parse.html#urllib.parse.urlencode"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Python "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["inline-verbatim"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"urlencode"}]}]},{"type":"text","value":".\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["src-block"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-bash"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"function urlencode {\n local msg=$1\n local length=\"${#1}\"\n\n for (( i = 0; i \u003c length; i++ )); do\n local ch=\"${msg:i:1}\"\n case $ch in\n [a-zA-Z0-9.~_-])\n printf \"%c\" $ch;;\n*)\n printf '%s' \"$ch\" | xxd -plain -cols 1 | {\n while read hex; do\n printf \"%%%s\" $hex\n done\n };;\n esac\n done\n printf \"\\n\"\n}\n\nurlencode \"El Doggo\"\nurlencode \"El Niño\"\nurlencode \"Whoa there, sonny!\"\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["fixed-width"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ElDoggo\nElNi<4E>o\nWhoatheresonny"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\nTo decode percent-encoded strings:\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["src-block"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-bash"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"function urldecode {\n # urldecode \u003cstring\u003e\n\n # Replace all pluses with spaces since it usually represents it in URLs.\n local url_encoded=\"${1//+/ }\"\n\n # Replace all percent sign with '\\x' and print the message with byte interpretation.\n printf '%b\\n' \"${url_encoded//%/\\\\x}\"\n}\n\nurldecode \"El%20Doggo\"\nurldecode \"%e9%bd%8b%e8%97%a4%e3%83%bbB%e3%83%bb%e6%a5%b5%e3%83%bb%e5%b0%86%e5%97%a3\"\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["fixed-width"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"El Doggo\n齋藤・ B ・極・将嗣"}]}]},"backlinks":[]},"__N_SSG":true},"page":"/[[...slug]]","query":{"slug":["cookbook.bash.percent-encoding"]},"buildId":"Ie9t5zutrXP6Of75Cb5xF","assetPrefix":"/wiki","nextExport":false,"isFallback":false,"gsp":true}</script><script nomodule="" src="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-99d808df29361cf7ffb1.js"></script><script src="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/main-ae4733327bd95c4ac325.js" async=""></script><script src="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/webpack-50bee04d1dc61f8adf5b.js" async=""></script><script src="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/framework.9d524150d48315f49e80.js" async=""></script><script src="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/commons.0e1c3f9aa780c2dfe9f0.js" async=""></script><script src="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-8e3d0c58a60ec788aa69.js" async=""></script><script src="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/940643274e605e7596ecea1f2ff8d83317a3fb76.4841a16762f602a59f00.js" async=""></script><script src="/wiki/_next/static/chunks/pages/%5B%5B...slug%5D%5D-1aa198f87ede1cd0e1dc.js" async=""></script><script src="/wiki/_next/static/Ie9t5zutrXP6Of75Cb5xF/_buildManifest.js" async=""></script><script src="/wiki/_next/static/Ie9t5zutrXP6Of75Cb5xF/_ssgManifest.js" async=""></script></body></html> |