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66 lines
3.0 KiB
Org Mode
66 lines
3.0 KiB
Org Mode
:PROPERTIES:
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:ID: 20830b22-9e55-42a6-9cef-62a1697ea63d
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:END:
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#+title: systemd
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#+date: "2021-05-20 22:37:22 +08:00"
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#+date_modified: "2022-04-19 20:21:56 +08:00"
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#+language: en
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#+property: header-args :eval no
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systemd is a big tool for a big system.
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Let's explore some of them from a perspective of a wannabe power user.
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Among other things, it has the following list of features.
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- [[id:f1b21fc8-86a5-47cd-b3d8-da6ac7a34427][systemd timers]] which can replace cron for task scheduling.
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- [[id:cd5f0d04-d9bb-44e8-a0f2-630ea58c1e94][systemd services]] along with the usual antics of a service manager such as managing dependencies and commands to run when killed.
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- [[id:a602f900-cdcf-4090-9278-d5926d80eedc][systemd transient units]] for quickly creating and scheduling one-off services.
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- [[id:14b49597-011c-4da1-b955-bed6059af4a3][systemd unit templates]] is handy for managing units that have common structure, enabling to start them quickly and dynamically.
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- [[id:3c67e623-c269-4c9b-9bdf-4ad677d46a35][systemd environment directives]] enable setting environment variables from a systemd-ful session.
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- [[id:e4dba4ef-71dd-4d30-9a2c-4ad97223510b][systemd-networkd]] is the network configuration manager in case you want to do [[id:a208dd50-2ebc-404d-b407-3ec2f556535e][Network configuration in Linux]].
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- [[id:8505f1f0-f15b-4b04-91fc-12be01913ce6][systemd-boot]] is a bootloader mainly for UEFI-based systems.
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- [[id:d83c099a-fc11-4ccc-b265-4de97c85dcbe][systemd-journald]] is the system logging service providing a structured way to manage your logs from different units.
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- [[id:7fce893f-418f-42aa-b2b1-59d9f0993406][systemd unit hardening]] can help your services secure.
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* systemd at user-level
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:PROPERTIES:
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:ID: c7edff80-6dea-47fc-8ecd-e43b5ab8fb1e
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:END:
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systemd has the ability to run at user-level empowering the user to manage their own system with their own settings.
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It immensely helps separating user-specific settings from the system-wide settings.
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systemd looks for the units from certain paths.
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You can look for them from the =systemd.unit.5= manual page.
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To run systemd as a user instance, simply add a =--user= flag beforehand for =systemctl= and other systemd binaries, if applicable.
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#+begin_src shell :results none
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# See how different the output when run at user- and system-level.
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systemctl --user show-units
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systemctl show-units
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systemctl --user show-environment
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systemctl show-environment
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systemctl --user start $SERVICE
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#+end_src
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* Extra information
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- =systemd.directives.7= is an index of configuration directives including unit keys, environment variables, and command line options for systemd-related things.
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Also contains the related manual pages for a deeper references.
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[fn:: How did I pass a year without knowing this?]
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- On a similar note, =systemd.index.7= is an alphabetical index of the important keywords found in systemd.
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- =systemd.mount= units require the filename to be the mountpoint.
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Though, it has to be converted to what systemd accepts (e.g., =systemd-escape --path $PATH=).
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